Secession: Secession is when a region within a country decides to break away and become an independent state.
Balkanization: Balkanization is the process by which a larger country or region breaks up into smaller ones due to conflicts and differences among its people.
Demarcation: Demarcation refers to marking boundaries or lines that separate different territories or regions. In the case of partitioning, demarcation was used to establish borders between India and Pakistan.