Push Factors: Push factors are circumstances or conditions in a person's current location that encourage or force them to leave. For example, poverty, political instability, or lack of job opportunities.
Pull Factors: Pull factors are positive aspects or attractions in another location that entice individuals to move there. These can include better employment prospects, higher wages, improved living conditions, or educational opportunities.
Urbanization: Urbanization is the process by which an increasing proportion of a population resides in urban areas rather than rural areas. This usually occurs due to industrialization and economic development in cities.