Rapid Urbanization: The swift increase in the proportion of a country's population living in cities, often occurring in developing metropolitan areas.
Informal Settlements: Also known as slums or shantytowns, these are unplanned settlements where people live without proper access to basic services like water, sanitation, or electricity.
Gentrification: The process whereby wealthier individuals move into lower-income neighborhoods, leading to increased property values and displacement of existing residents.