Great Leap Forward: An ambitious but ultimately disastrous campaign initiated by Mao Zedong in China during the late 1950s to rapidly transform the country's economy. Deng Xiaoping later criticized this initiative.
Tiananmen Square Incident: A pro-democracy protest held by students in Beijing's Tiananmen Square in 1989. The Chinese government, under Deng Xiaoping's leadership, responded with a violent crackdown on protesters.
Socialism with Chinese Characteristics: An ideology advocated by Deng Xiaoping which combined elements of socialism with market-oriented reforms to drive economic growth while maintaining political control.