Civil rights movement: This was a decades-long struggle by African Americans and their allies in the mid-20th century to end legalized racial discrimination, disenfranchisement, and racial segregation in the United States.
Social activism: This is an intentional action with the goal of bringing about social change. If you feel strongly about an issue and strive for change through action - that's social activism.
First Amendment Rights: The First Amendment protects several basic freedoms in the United States including freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, the right to assemble, and the right to petition the government. It plays a crucial role in any protest movement.