Sovereignty

Definition

Sovereignty refers to the supreme authority of a state to govern itself and make decisions without external interference. It encompasses political independence, territorial integrity, and the ability to engage in foreign relations. This concept became increasingly important during times of political consolidation and social change, as nations sought to establish their autonomy and control over their own affairs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. During the 16th century, the concept of sovereignty was closely linked to the rise of nation-states as rulers consolidated power and authority within their territories.
2. The Treaty of Westphalia marked a significant turning point in European history by establishing the principles of territorial sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of states.
3. Sovereignty is often associated with the notion of absolute rule, particularly during periods of absolutism when monarchs claimed divine right to govern without limitation.
4. Intellectual movements in the 19th century emphasized individual rights and self-determination, challenging traditional notions of sovereignty and leading to calls for democratic governance.
5. The shift towards modernity in the late 19th century saw new theories about sovereignty emerge, influenced by ideas about nationalism, international law, and global interdependence.

Review Questions

• How did the concept of sovereignty evolve during the 16th century as it relates to the rise of nation-states?
  • In the 16th century, sovereignty evolved as rulers began to consolidate their power and establish centralized authority over defined territories. The emergence of nation-states meant that monarchs were increasingly asserting their right to govern without external interference. This was a shift from feudal systems where loyalty was often to local lords rather than a central authority. The idea that a single entity could possess ultimate authority within a territory helped lay the groundwork for modern political boundaries and governance.
• Discuss how the Treaty of Westphalia contributed to the modern understanding of sovereignty in Europe.
  • The Treaty of Westphalia was instrumental in shaping modern concepts of sovereignty by formally recognizing the principle of territorial integrity and non-interference in domestic affairs. It ended the Thirty Years' War and established a framework for international relations based on mutual respect for each state's sovereignty. This agreement marked a significant departure from previous practices that allowed for intervention in other states' affairs, solidifying the idea that each nation-state had the right to govern itself without outside influence.
• Evaluate how changes in intellectual thought from 1815-1914 influenced perceptions of sovereignty and governance.
  • From 1815 to 1914, shifts in intellectual thought challenged traditional views of sovereignty by promoting ideas related to nationalism, democracy, and individual rights. Thinkers like John Stuart Mill argued for self-determination and democratic governance, which questioned absolute rule and emphasized popular consent. This period saw the rise of movements advocating for greater representation and participation in government, thus altering how sovereignty was perceived; it became less about monarchial power and more about the collective will of the people within a state.

Related terms

Nation-State: A political entity characterized by a defined territory, a permanent population, a governing body, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states.

Absolutism:

A political system in which a single ruler holds absolute power over the state and its people, often justified by the belief in divine right.

Treaty of Westphalia:

A series of treaties that concluded the Thirty Years' War in 1648, establishing principles of national sovereignty and the modern state system in Europe.