Neoclassical refers to an artistic and cultural movement that emerged in the late 18th century, characterized by a revival of classical antiquity's ideals and styles. It emphasized clarity, order, and harmony, often drawing inspiration from ancient Greece and Rome, which marked a reaction against the emotionality and complexity of Mannerism and Baroque art. This movement sought to convey moral values through simplicity and proportion, making it a significant shift in the artistic landscape of the time.