Late 17th century

Definition

The late 17th century refers to the period roughly from 1670 to 1700, marked by significant political, social, and economic transformations in Europe. This era was characterized by the rise of absolute monarchies, the development of modern state structures, and the early stages of colonial expansion, laying the groundwork for the major changes that would define the 18th century.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. During the late 17th century, France emerged as a dominant European power under King Louis XIV, who exemplified absolute monarchy.
2. This period saw the development of modern state institutions and bureaucracies, which began to centralize power away from local feudal lords.
3. Colonial expansion accelerated in this era, particularly by England and France, as they sought new territories and resources to bolster their economies.
4. The late 17th century also experienced significant religious conflicts, such as those stemming from Protestant-Catholic tensions, influencing political alliances.
5. Intellectual movements like the Enlightenment began to take shape in the late 17th century, setting the stage for revolutionary ideas about governance and human rights.

Review Questions

• How did absolute monarchy shape political structures in Europe during the late 17th century?
  • Absolute monarchy profoundly influenced political structures in Europe during the late 17th century by centralizing power in the hands of monarchs like Louis XIV. This shift meant that rulers held unchecked authority over their states, which transformed governance and diminished the influence of local nobles. As monarchs established strong bureaucracies to enforce their will, they laid the foundation for modern state systems that would dominate European politics in the following centuries.
• What role did mercantilism play in shaping European economies during this period?
  • Mercantilism played a crucial role in shaping European economies during the late 17th century by promoting government intervention in economic affairs. Nations aimed to maximize exports and minimize imports to build wealth and power. This economic strategy not only fueled colonial expansion as states sought resources abroad but also intensified rivalries among European powers as they competed for trade dominance and overseas territories.
• Evaluate the impact of the Treaty of Ryswick on European politics and territorial dynamics at the end of the late 17th century.
  • The Treaty of Ryswick had a significant impact on European politics and territorial dynamics by ending the Nine Years' War and re-establishing a balance of power among France, England, Spain, and other nations. It marked a shift towards more diplomatic approaches to conflict resolution while also recognizing territorial claims that influenced future territorial disputes. This treaty set important precedents for international relations in Europe, as it illustrated how coalitions could form against dominant powers like France and foreshadowed further conflicts leading into the 18th century.

Related terms

Absolute Monarchy: A form of government where a single ruler holds supreme authority, often justified by divine right, with few checks on their power.

Mercantilism: An economic theory that emphasizes government regulation of a nation's economy to enhance state power, often through a favorable balance of trade.

Treaty of Ryswick: A peace treaty signed in 1697 that ended the Nine Years' War between France and a coalition of European powers, reflecting the shifting balance of power in Europe.