English economist

Definition

An English economist is a scholar or professional focused on the study of economics, specifically in the context of England's economic policies and theories. These economists often played pivotal roles in shaping economic thought, particularly during periods of mercantilism, which emphasized state control over trade and the accumulation of wealth through exports over imports.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. English economists contributed significantly to the development of economic theories during the 17th and 18th centuries, helping to lay the groundwork for modern economics.
2. Mercantilism, as advocated by English economists, suggested that a nation should export more than it imports to build wealth and power.
3. The works of English economists often influenced government policies regarding trade, tariffs, and colonial expansion during the mercantilist era.
4. Key figures such as John Locke and Thomas Mun were instrumental in developing ideas related to trade and wealth in England, shaping the mercantilist mindset.
5. The transition from mercantilism to classical economics marked a significant shift in thought, largely influenced by English economists who began to emphasize individual entrepreneurship and free trade.

Review Questions

• How did the ideas of English economists contribute to the principles of mercantilism during their time?
  • English economists were integral in forming and promoting the principles of mercantilism by advocating for government intervention in trade. They believed that a strong economy depended on maximizing exports while minimizing imports, which would lead to an increase in national wealth. Their ideas shaped policies that encouraged colonial expansion and protectionist measures aimed at fostering domestic industries.
• In what ways did Adam Smith's critiques of mercantilism differ from the views held by earlier English economists?
  • Adam Smith's critiques marked a significant departure from earlier English economists' views on mercantilism. While many previous economists supported state control and regulation of trade to enhance national wealth, Smith argued for free markets where individuals could pursue their self-interest. He believed that competition and minimal government intervention would lead to greater prosperity for all, effectively challenging the core principles of mercantilist thought.
• Evaluate the impact of English economists on the shift from mercantilism to classical economics and its relevance to today's economic systems.
  • The impact of English economists on the transition from mercantilism to classical economics was profound, as their ideas laid the foundation for modern economic thought. They emphasized the importance of free trade, competition, and individual entrepreneurship over state control. This shift not only redefined economic policies in their time but also continues to influence contemporary economic systems by promoting globalization and market economies, illustrating the lasting relevance of their theories in today’s interconnected world.

Related terms

Mercantilism: An economic theory that advocates for government regulation of a nation's economy to augment state power, emphasizing the importance of accumulating monetary reserves through a positive balance of trade.

Adam Smith: An influential Scottish economist often referred to as the father of modern economics, known for his work 'The Wealth of Nations,' which critiques mercantilist practices and advocates for free markets.

Trade Balance: The difference between the value of a country's exports and imports, which mercantilists believed should be positive to ensure national wealth.