Anti-Jewish activities refer to a range of actions, policies, and ideologies aimed at discriminating against, persecuting, or harming Jewish people. These activities became particularly pronounced during the rise of fascism and totalitarian regimes in Europe, where Jews were often scapegoated for societal problems and subjected to severe oppression. This atmosphere of hatred and violence not only led to widespread discrimination but also culminated in the Holocaust, which represented the most extreme manifestation of anti-Jewish sentiments during this period.