Citation:
Social cleavages refer to divisions within a society based on factors such as class, ethnicity, religion, or regional differences. These divisions can shape political attitudes and influence voting patterns.
Organized groups that represent specific social cleavages and compete for power through elections.
Ethnic Conflict: Tensions and conflicts arising from differences in ethnic identities within a society.
Identity Politics: Political mobilization based on shared characteristics like race, gender, or religion to advance specific interests.