Affirmative Action: Affirmative action policies aim to increase representation and opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups by providing preferential treatment in areas such as education or employment.
Quotas:Quotas are specific numerical targets set by governments to ensure proportional representation of certain groups in political offices or public institutions.
Descriptive Representation: Descriptive representation focuses on having elected officials who reflect the demographic characteristics (such as race, gender, ethnicity) of the population they represent.