Partisanship: Refers to strong support for a particular political party or ideology, often leading to biased decision-making and unwillingness to compromise.
Identity Politics: The practice of organizing political movements based on shared characteristics such as race, gender, religion, etc., which can contribute to polarization by emphasizing differences rather than commonalities.
Echo Chambers: Online spaces or social circles where individuals are exposed only to information and opinions that align with their own beliefs, reinforcing existing viewpoints and contributing to polarization.