Welfare State: It is a system where the government plays an active role in promoting social well-being through programs such as healthcare, education, unemployment benefits, etc.
Economic Planning: It refers to the process by which governments set goals, develop strategies, and implement measures to guide economic development and address social issues.
Public Policy: These are government actions, decisions, and plans that aim to address public problems or concerns. They include laws, regulations, programs, and initiatives implemented by the state.