Mitochondrial DNA

Definition

Mitochondrial DNA is a small circular chromosome found inside mitochondria. These organelles found in cells have their own genetic material separate from the nucleus.

Related terms

Mitochondrion: An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, responsible for energy production through respiration and controlling cell cycle and growth.

Maternal Inheritance: The transmission of genes that occur via the cytoplasmic organelles—specifically mitochondria—from mother to offspring.

Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.