Sir Mortimer Wheeler

Definition

Sir Mortimer Wheeler was a prominent British archaeologist known for his pioneering work in archaeological methodology and site excavation. He is often credited with introducing modern techniques to archaeology, including the use of stratigraphy and a systematic approach to excavating sites, which significantly influenced archaeological practices and discoveries in the 20th century.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Wheeler was a key figure in the development of archaeological standards and practices, emphasizing meticulous record-keeping during excavations.
2. He served as the Director of the Archaeological Museum in London and played a vital role in the establishment of the Council for British Archaeology.
3. Wheeler's work at significant sites such as Maiden Castle and the Roman fort at Verulamium showcased his innovative excavation techniques.
4. He popularized the concept of 'open-area excavation,' which allowed for better context preservation and more comprehensive site analysis.
5. Wheeler wrote several influential books on archaeology, making complex methods accessible to both professionals and the general public.

Review Questions

• How did Sir Mortimer Wheeler's methods change archaeological practices?
  • Sir Mortimer Wheeler revolutionized archaeological practices by introducing systematic methods like stratigraphy, which involves analyzing soil layers to understand the chronological context of findings. He emphasized the importance of meticulous record-keeping, ensuring that each artifact was documented in relation to its location within the excavation site. His innovations encouraged archaeologists to adopt more rigorous techniques, leading to better preservation and understanding of historical contexts.
• Discuss the significance of Sir Mortimer Wheeler's excavations at sites like Maiden Castle and Verulamium.
  • The excavations conducted by Sir Mortimer Wheeler at sites such as Maiden Castle and Verulamium were significant for their demonstration of his open-area excavation technique, which allowed for extensive horizontal exposure of archaeological features. This approach provided a clearer picture of how structures were used over time and helped identify relationships between different layers of habitation. His work at these sites contributed valuable insights into Roman and prehistoric life in Britain, showcasing how scientific methods could lead to groundbreaking discoveries.
• Evaluate how Sir Mortimer Wheeler's legacy continues to influence contemporary archaeology.
  • Sir Mortimer Wheeler's legacy is evident in contemporary archaeology through his contributions to excavation methodology and research standards that are still in use today. His emphasis on systematic approaches, stratigraphic analysis, and detailed record-keeping set a foundation for modern archaeological practices. Furthermore, his efforts in public education about archaeology have inspired generations of archaeologists to engage with broader audiences, ensuring that archaeological knowledge remains accessible and relevant. This blend of rigorous scientific practice with community engagement exemplifies how his influence extends beyond his lifetime.

Related terms

Stratigraphy:

A method in archaeology that studies the layers (strata) of soil and artifacts at an excavation site to understand the chronological sequence of human activity.

Excavation: The process of systematically uncovering archaeological remains through digging, recording, and analyzing layers of soil and artifacts.

Prehistoric Archaeology: The branch of archaeology that studies human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and analysis of artifacts from periods before written records.