Human chorionic gonadotropin

Definition

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta shortly after implantation of the embryo. It plays a crucial role in maintaining pregnancy by signaling the ovaries to produce progesterone, which is essential for sustaining the uterine lining and supporting fetal development.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. hCG levels can be detected in a woman's urine or blood as early as 6-10 days after conception, making it a key marker for pregnancy tests.
2. The hormone peaks around 8-10 weeks of gestation and then declines, stabilizing later in the pregnancy.
3. hCG is vital for preventing menstruation during pregnancy, allowing the uterine lining to remain intact for embryo development.
4. In addition to its role in pregnancy, hCG is sometimes used in fertility treatments to induce ovulation and support assisted reproductive technologies.
5. Abnormal levels of hCG can indicate potential complications, such as ectopic pregnancy or certain tumors, making it a crucial biomarker for monitoring maternal and fetal health.

Review Questions

• How does human chorionic gonadotropin function in early pregnancy and what effects does it have on the menstrual cycle?
  • Human chorionic gonadotropin functions early in pregnancy by signaling the ovaries to continue producing progesterone, which is crucial for maintaining the uterine lining. This hormonal action prevents menstruation, allowing the embryo to implant and develop properly. As hCG levels rise, they help establish and support early pregnancy, indicating that the body should not initiate the menstrual cycle.
• Discuss the significance of measuring hCG levels in monitoring a healthy pregnancy versus potential complications.
  • Measuring hCG levels is significant in monitoring a healthy pregnancy because normal hCG levels correlate with proper embryonic development. In contrast, abnormal levels may indicate complications such as ectopic pregnancies or miscarriages. Healthcare providers often track hCG trends over time to assess whether a pregnancy is progressing normally or if there are potential risks that need further evaluation.
• Evaluate the implications of using hCG in fertility treatments and its broader impact on reproductive health.
  • Using hCG in fertility treatments has substantial implications for reproductive health, as it can effectively induce ovulation in women facing infertility challenges. By mimicking luteinizing hormone, hCG facilitates timely ovulation, increasing the chances of conception during assisted reproductive procedures. This application not only supports individual reproductive goals but also highlights advancements in reproductive technology that improve outcomes for couples struggling with infertility.

Related terms

Progesterone: A hormone produced by the ovaries that helps maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy and is critical for fetal development.

Placenta: An organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy, facilitating nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and fetus.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH): A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that triggers ovulation and stimulates the production of sex hormones, functioning similarly to hCG during early pregnancy.