American Exceptionalism

Definition

American exceptionalism is the belief that the United States is inherently different from other nations, particularly in terms of its ideals, political system, and historical development. This concept often emphasizes the nation's unique role in promoting democracy and freedom, suggesting that it has a special destiny to lead the world towards a better future. The idea has roots in historical narratives that celebrate America's founding principles and its perceived moral superiority.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. American exceptionalism emerged in the early colonial period, influenced by Puritan beliefs that viewed America as a chosen land with a special mission.
2. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other transcendentalists promoted the idea that individuals in America could achieve greatness, contributing to the national narrative of exceptionalism.
3. The concept played a significant role during the nation-building phase, framing America as a leader in democratic ideals and freedom during times of war and expansion.
4. American exceptionalism has been both praised for inspiring social progress and criticized for fostering a sense of superiority over other nations.
5. Throughout history, American literature and rhetoric have reflected themes of exceptionalism, reinforcing the belief in America's unique place in the world.

Review Questions

• How did Puritan theology contribute to the development of American exceptionalism in early colonial writing?
  • Puritan theology laid a foundational belief in America as a chosen land, where settlers believed they had a divine mission to create a new society based on their religious values. This perspective was articulated in their writings, which emphasized themes of moral purity and societal improvement. Consequently, this sense of purpose fostered the idea of American exceptionalism by presenting America as a unique experiment in governance and spirituality.
• In what ways did Ralph Waldo Emerson’s writings reflect and promote the idea of American exceptionalism through transcendentalism?
  • Ralph Waldo Emerson’s transcendentalist philosophy emphasized individuality, self-reliance, and the inherent goodness of people. He articulated that Americans had the potential to realize their own greatness, contributing to the narrative that America was exceptional because it fostered an environment where individual achievement could flourish. Emerson's essays and speeches championed the belief that America's democratic values allowed for personal growth and societal advancement, reinforcing American exceptionalism.
• Evaluate how nation-building narratives have utilized the concept of American exceptionalism to shape national identity throughout American history.
  • Nation-building narratives have employed American exceptionalism to construct a national identity centered on ideals of freedom, democracy, and moral leadership. From manifest destiny to contemporary political discourse, these narratives have depicted America as a model for other nations, justifying expansionist policies and international interventions. This framing has created a powerful self-image that influences domestic policies and foreign relations while sparking debates over nationalism versus global responsibilities, illustrating how deeply rooted this concept is within American culture.

Related terms

Manifest Destiny: The 19th-century doctrine that it was the divine right and destiny of the United States to expand its territory across North America.

City Upon a Hill: A phrase originating from a sermon by John Winthrop, which symbolizes America as a model of Christian virtue and a beacon of hope for the world.

Patriotism: The love for or devotion to one's country, often intertwined with national pride and the belief in the country's exceptional qualities.