American Art – Before 1865

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Middle-class commissions

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American Art – Before 1865

Definition

Middle-class commissions refer to the art patronage and financial support provided by the growing middle class during the 19th century, particularly in America. This new demographic sought to express their social status, personal values, and identity through commissioned artworks, often favoring portraits that depicted them in a favorable light. These commissions played a significant role in shaping the art market and influenced the portrayal of individuals and families in a way that reflected their aspirations and cultural values.

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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. The rise of the middle class in the 19th century led to an increased demand for portraits that reflected their social aspirations and identity.
  2. Middle-class commissions were often characterized by a focus on realism, depicting sitters in their everyday attire or settings, highlighting their personal achievements and lifestyles.
  3. Artists like Thomas Eakins and John Singer Sargent catered to middle-class patrons by creating works that emphasized both individuality and the collective values of their social group.
  4. This trend contributed to a shift in portraiture from elite subjects to a wider range of sitters, democratizing art and making it more accessible to different social classes.
  5. Middle-class commissions also helped establish a sense of cultural identity for emerging American society, as these portraits often included symbolic elements that conveyed the values and ambitions of the sitters.

Review Questions

  • How did middle-class commissions influence the evolution of portraiture during the 19th century?
    • Middle-class commissions significantly influenced the evolution of portraiture by broadening its scope beyond elite subjects to include individuals from various socio-economic backgrounds. As this demographic grew, artists began to focus on realism and capturing the unique identities of their sitters. This shift allowed for a more diverse representation in art, which reflected societal changes and the aspirations of an emerging middle class.
  • In what ways did middle-class commissions contribute to the development of the American art market?
    • Middle-class commissions played a crucial role in developing the American art market by creating new opportunities for artists and establishing a clientele that valued art for personal expression. As more middle-class patrons sought commissioned works, artists adapted their styles to meet the preferences of this demographic. This relationship between artists and middle-class patrons fueled economic growth in the art sector and contributed to a more vibrant cultural landscape.
  • Evaluate the impact of middle-class commissions on societal perceptions of status and identity in 19th-century America.
    • Middle-class commissions had a profound impact on societal perceptions of status and identity in 19th-century America by reinforcing the values associated with social mobility and personal achievement. As individuals commissioned portraits that highlighted their lifestyles and accomplishments, it reflected their desire to establish legitimacy within society. This not only shaped how individuals viewed themselves but also influenced how society recognized and validated emerging middle-class identities, leading to lasting changes in cultural attitudes towards class distinctions.

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