Subsistence agriculture

Definition

Subsistence agriculture is a farming system where farmers grow food primarily for their own consumption rather than for sale or trade. This type of agriculture is often characterized by small-scale plots, traditional methods, and a focus on producing just enough to meet the basic needs of the household. It connects closely with local economies, social structures, and cultural practices.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Subsistence agriculture was the dominant form of farming in many African societies before the introduction of cash crops and colonial influences.
2. This type of agriculture typically relies on traditional farming techniques and local knowledge passed down through generations.
3. Farmers often cultivate a variety of crops to ensure food security and mitigate risks associated with climate change and pest outbreaks.
4. In subsistence agriculture, the focus is on family and community needs, which strengthens social bonds and promotes cooperative practices among neighbors.
5. Subsistence agriculture contributes to the local economy by providing food for the household, but it may limit opportunities for broader economic development due to its non-commercial nature.

Review Questions

• How does subsistence agriculture differ from commercial agriculture in terms of its objectives and practices?
  • Subsistence agriculture focuses on producing enough food for the farmer's family, while commercial agriculture aims to generate profit through large-scale production for sale in markets. In subsistence systems, farmers often use traditional methods, small plots of land, and diverse crops tailored to local diets. In contrast, commercial agriculture typically relies on advanced technology, monoculture practices, and extensive supply chains that cater to wider consumer markets.
• Analyze how subsistence agriculture impacts local economies and social structures within communities.
  • Subsistence agriculture plays a vital role in local economies by providing food security and fostering self-sufficiency among families. It strengthens social structures as families often work together in farming activities, sharing resources and knowledge. Additionally, the reliance on local crops promotes cultural traditions and maintains community ties. However, this system can also limit economic diversification, as farmers may struggle to transition into market-oriented practices.
• Evaluate the implications of transitioning from subsistence agriculture to cash cropping for smallholder farmers in Africa.
  • Transitioning from subsistence agriculture to cash cropping can significantly impact smallholder farmers by introducing potential economic benefits such as increased income and access to markets. However, this shift may also create vulnerabilities, as farmers become reliant on market fluctuations and may prioritize cash crops over food production. This can lead to food insecurity within communities if not managed carefully. Additionally, it could disrupt traditional practices and social structures that have been maintained through subsistence farming.

Related terms

Cash Crops: Crops that are grown primarily for sale in the market rather than for personal consumption, often leading to economic dependency.

Barter System: A method of exchange where goods and services are traded directly for other goods and services without using money.

Crop Rotation: The practice of alternating the types of crops grown on a particular piece of land to maintain soil fertility and reduce pests and diseases.