The Gettysburg Address

Definition

The Gettysburg Address is a brief but powerful speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863, during the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The speech emphasized the principles of human equality and the importance of preserving the Union, framing the Civil War as a struggle for a 'new birth of freedom' that would ensure the survival of democracy.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address consists of just 272 words but has had a lasting impact on American history and identity.
2. The address was given at the site of one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, which symbolized both sacrifice and unity.
3. Lincoln invoked the Declaration of Independence by emphasizing equality and referencing the founding principles of America.
4. The speech redefined the Civil War as not just a struggle for the Union but also a fight for freedom and democracy.
5. Lincoln's delivery was brief and poignant, demonstrating how effective language and strong emotional appeal can resonate with an audience.

Review Questions

• How does Lincoln’s use of language in The Gettysburg Address enhance its emotional appeal?
  • Lincoln’s use of concise, impactful language in The Gettysburg Address enhances its emotional appeal by invoking feelings of nationalism and sacrifice. Phrases like 'a new birth of freedom' and 'government of the people, by the people, for the people' resonate deeply, making his message memorable. By focusing on shared values and honoring those who fought at Gettysburg, Lincoln connects emotionally with his audience, reminding them of their collective purpose and the stakes of the Civil War.
• In what ways does The Gettysburg Address redefine the purpose of the Civil War according to Lincoln’s vision?
  • The Gettysburg Address redefines the purpose of the Civil War by framing it as a struggle not just for preserving the Union but also for achieving true equality and democracy. Lincoln positions the war as a test of whether a nation founded on principles of liberty can endure. By stating that those who fought at Gettysburg have consecrated the ground for a greater cause, he emphasizes that their sacrifices are for a future where freedom is guaranteed for all citizens.
• Evaluate how The Gettysburg Address reflects broader themes in American history regarding equality and governance.
  • The Gettysburg Address reflects broader themes in American history by highlighting the ongoing struggle for equality and the ideals upon which America was founded. Lincoln’s assertion that 'all men are created equal' ties back to the Declaration of Independence, asserting that democracy must serve everyone. This speech serves as a reminder that despite progress, issues of equality and representation continue to challenge American governance, making it relevant to ongoing conversations about civil rights and social justice throughout U.S. history.

Related terms

Civil War: A conflict fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865 between the Northern states (the Union) and the Southern states (the Confederacy) primarily over issues including slavery and states' rights.

Democracy: A system of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives; a key theme in Lincoln's address.

Emancipation Proclamation: An executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, that declared the freedom of all slaves in Confederate-held territory, further tying the war to the cause of freedom.