Sister Carrie

Definition

Sister Carrie is a novel written by Theodore Dreiser, published in 1900, that exemplifies the principles of realism and naturalism in literature. The story follows Carrie Meeber, a young woman who moves to Chicago in search of a better life but becomes embroiled in a cycle of ambition, desire, and moral ambiguity. Through Carrie's journey, the novel explores the harsh realities of urban life, the impact of social class, and the struggles faced by women in a patriarchal society.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sister Carrie was considered controversial at the time of its publication due to its candid portrayal of sexuality and moral dilemmas.
2. Carrie's relationships with men, including George Hurstwood, highlight the themes of desire and the quest for upward mobility in a capitalist society.
3. The novel is noted for its realistic depiction of urban life in America during the late 19th century, showcasing both the allure and the pitfalls of city living.
4. Dreiser employs a naturalistic perspective, suggesting that Carrie's fate is largely determined by her social environment and personal circumstances.
5. Sister Carrie is often regarded as a precursor to modernist literature, influencing future writers with its exploration of complex characters and societal issues.

Review Questions

• How does Dreiser's portrayal of Carrie Meeber reflect the principles of realism and naturalism?
  • Dreiser's portrayal of Carrie Meeber showcases realism by depicting her everyday struggles and aspirations in a relatable manner. The narrative reveals her gradual descent into moral ambiguity as she navigates a male-dominated society. Through naturalism, the story illustrates how Carrie's choices are influenced by her environment, socio-economic status, and relationships, emphasizing that her fate is shaped more by external forces than by individual agency.
• Analyze the impact of urbanization on Carrie's character development throughout Sister Carrie.
  • Urbanization plays a significant role in shaping Carrie's character in Sister Carrie. As she moves to Chicago, the city serves as both an opportunity for advancement and a backdrop for her struggles. The bustling urban landscape represents both ambition and despair; Carrie's experiences reveal how city life can be both alluring and oppressive. This duality reflects the complexities of modern life during this period, ultimately leading to her transformation from an innocent young woman to someone who grapples with societal expectations and personal desires.
• Evaluate how Sister Carrie addresses themes of social class and gender roles within the context of 19th-century American society.
  • Sister Carrie critically examines social class and gender roles by highlighting Carrie's aspirations against the constraints imposed by society. The novel illustrates how women were often relegated to submissive positions while striving for independence through relationships with men. Dreiser's portrayal of class disparities reveals the challenges faced by individuals trying to escape their circumstances. By juxtaposing Carrie's pursuit of happiness with the harsh realities of her environment, the novel critiques societal norms and encourages readers to question traditional gender expectations and class hierarchies in 19th-century America.

Related terms

Naturalism:

A literary movement that emphasizes the influence of environment and heredity on human behavior, often portraying characters as products of their circumstances.

Realism:

A literary technique that attempts to represent life as it is, focusing on everyday activities and experiences, often with a focus on social issues.

Urbanization:

The process by which cities grow and societies become more urban, significantly influencing the characters and settings in literature during the 19th century.