7.3 Urbanization and the growth of Albuquerque and other cities
3 min read•august 14, 2024
After World War II, New Mexico's cities boomed. People flocked to urban areas for jobs in nuclear weapons, military bases, and growing universities. This shift reshaped the state's economy, politics, and culture.
Albuquerque grew fastest, ballooning from 35,000 people in 1940 to over 200,000 by 1960. This rapid growth brought new opportunities but also challenges like and strained infrastructure.
Postwar Urbanization of New Mexico
Factors Contributing to Urbanization
Top images from around the web for Factors Contributing to Urbanization
Urbanization and Its Challenges | United States History II View original
Is this image relevant?
Immigration and Urbanization | US History II (American Yawp) View original
Is this image relevant?
Urbanization | Introduction to Sociology View original
Is this image relevant?
Urbanization and Its Challenges | United States History II View original
Is this image relevant?
Immigration and Urbanization | US History II (American Yawp) View original
Is this image relevant?
1 of 3
Top images from around the web for Factors Contributing to Urbanization
Urbanization and Its Challenges | United States History II View original
Is this image relevant?
Immigration and Urbanization | US History II (American Yawp) View original
Is this image relevant?
Urbanization | Introduction to Sociology View original
Is this image relevant?
Urbanization and Its Challenges | United States History II View original
Is this image relevant?
Immigration and Urbanization | US History II (American Yawp) View original
Is this image relevant?
1 of 3
- New Mexico experienced significant urbanization after World War II
- Population shifted from rural areas to cities (Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Las Cruces)
- Development of attracted scientists, engineers, and support personnel
- Los Alamos and contributed to urban growth
- Expansion of military presence brought military personnel and their families to the state's cities
- and
- Improved transportation infrastructure made New Mexico's cities more accessible and attractive
- Construction of highways and expansion of airports
- Growth of tourism industry contributed to the development of cities
- Santa Fe art scene and Albuquerque's Old Town
- Establishment of universities drew students and faculty to urban centers
- in Albuquerque and in Las Cruces
Impact on State's Landscape
- Urbanization led to a shift in the state's economy
- Greater emphasis on industries concentrated in cities (technology, defense, tourism)
- Growth of cities created new job opportunities and attracted businesses
- Contributed to economic development and diversification in New Mexico
- Changes in social structures occurred as urban societies became more diverse and complex
- Traditional rural and small-town communities gave way
- Concentration of population in cities increased their political influence
- Urban voters and interests became more important in state and local politics
- Challenges associated with urban growth became key issues in political debates and policy-making
- Housing affordability and infrastructure needs
- Cultural and artistic vibrancy of cities became an important part of the state's identity
- Santa Fe and Albuquerque attracted tourists and new residents
Albuquerque's Population Growth
- Albuquerque experienced rapid population growth in the postwar era
- Population increased from around 35,000 in 1940 to over 200,000 by 1960
- Continued growth in the following decades, reaching over 500,000 by 2000
- Became New Mexico's largest city
- Demographic composition of the city changed as a result of urbanization
- Increase in the percentage of non-Hispanic white residents
- Decrease in the percentage of Hispanic and Native American residents
- Influx of scientists, engineers, and military personnel contributed to a more educated and professionally diverse population
- Urban growth led to the development of new neighborhoods and suburbs
- Changed the spatial distribution of the population within the city
Urban Development in New Mexico
Infrastructure and Housing Challenges
- Rapid urban development strained existing infrastructure
- Roads, water systems, and schools required significant investments to keep pace with growth
- Expansion of cities led to increased demand for housing
- Drove up property values and rents, creating affordability challenges for some residents
- and development of suburbs contributed to environmental concerns
- Increased air pollution and loss of open spaces
Economic and Cultural Opportunities
- Concentration of population in cities created opportunities for economic growth
- Businesses could access a larger pool of workers and customers
- Development of cultural institutions enhanced quality of life and attracted visitors
- Museums, theaters, and sports venues
- Growth of cities led to increased diversity and cultural exchange
- People from different backgrounds came together in urban environments
Urbanization's Impact on New Mexico
- Santa Fe and Las Cruces also experienced significant population growth during this period
- Growth occurred on a smaller scale compared to Albuquerque
- Urbanization led to changes in social structures and political influence
- Traditional rural communities gave way to more diverse urban societies
- Urban voters and interests became more important in state and local politics
- Challenges associated with urban growth became key issues in policy-making
- Housing affordability, infrastructure needs, and environmental concerns
- Cultural and artistic vibrancy of cities became an important part of New Mexico's identity
- Attracted tourists and new residents, particularly in Santa Fe and Albuquerque
Key Terms to Review (24)
Albuquerque International Sunport: Albuquerque International Sunport is the primary airport serving Albuquerque, New Mexico, and is a vital transportation hub for the region. This airport plays a significant role in urbanization and the growth of Albuquerque by facilitating travel and commerce, thus enhancing economic development and connecting the city to other parts of the country and the world.
Arturo Sandoval: Arturo Sandoval is a prominent Cuban-American jazz trumpeter, composer, and bandleader known for his virtuosic playing and contributions to the world of music. His influence extends beyond jazz, as he incorporates elements of classical and Latin music, reflecting the diverse cultural landscape of urban settings like Albuquerque during its growth and urbanization.
Carmen T. Amato: Carmen T. Amato is a prominent figure in New Mexico's history, known for her contributions to urban development and community advocacy in Albuquerque. Her efforts have played a significant role in the city's urbanization, influencing its growth and shaping the social landscape of the region during critical periods of change.
Cultural blending: Cultural blending refers to the process where different cultures interact and influence one another, resulting in a new, shared cultural identity or practices. This phenomenon can be observed in various aspects of society, including language, art, food, and customs, creating a rich tapestry of diversity and innovation. The impact of cultural blending can significantly shape urban environments as communities grow and evolve.
Establishment of Albuquerque: The establishment of Albuquerque refers to the founding of the city in 1706 as a strategic colonial outpost by the Spanish. This early settlement was crucial for trade and military purposes, connecting Santa Fe with Mexico City while facilitating the control and administration of the surrounding territory. The city’s location along the Rio Grande also made it an essential hub for agriculture and trade, helping it grow rapidly in the context of urbanization and the development of other cities in the region.
Federal Housing Act: The Federal Housing Act was legislation passed in 1934 aimed at increasing homeownership by providing federal backing for mortgage loans and establishing standards for construction and underwriting. This act was a response to the housing crisis during the Great Depression, and it played a crucial role in urban development, significantly impacting cities like Albuquerque and others as it promoted suburban growth and affordable housing.
Gentrification: Gentrification is the process of transforming urban neighborhoods through the influx of new, often more affluent residents, which can lead to the displacement of long-time residents and changes in the character of the community. This phenomenon often involves a rise in property values and rents, as well as a shift in the types of businesses that operate in the area, reflecting broader trends in urbanization and socioeconomic dynamics.
Heritage preservation: Heritage preservation refers to the practice of protecting and conserving cultural heritage, including buildings, sites, artifacts, and traditions, to maintain their historical and cultural significance. This concept plays a vital role in urban environments as cities grow and evolve, ensuring that important aspects of the past are not lost amid development and modernization efforts.
Highway construction: Highway construction refers to the process of building and developing roadways designed for high-speed vehicular traffic. This process includes the planning, designing, and engineering of highways, which play a crucial role in connecting urban areas, facilitating trade, and promoting economic growth. As cities expanded and urbanization increased, highway construction became vital for accommodating rising populations and improving transportation efficiency.
Hispanic migration: Hispanic migration refers to the movement of individuals and families from Hispanic or Latin American countries to the United States, driven by various factors such as economic opportunities, social conditions, and political situations. This migration has significantly influenced the demographic landscape of cities like Albuquerque, contributing to their growth and urbanization as new communities settle in search of better living conditions and job prospects.
Housing shortages: Housing shortages refer to the insufficient supply of housing units to meet the demand from the population, leading to increased competition for available homes and higher rental prices. This phenomenon often arises during periods of rapid urbanization, where growing populations in cities like Albuquerque strain existing housing resources, resulting in overcrowding and inadequate living conditions.
I-40 Construction: I-40 construction refers to the development and expansion of Interstate 40, a major highway that runs east-west across the United States, including a significant stretch through New Mexico. This construction played a vital role in urbanization, particularly in Albuquerque, by facilitating better transportation, economic growth, and accessibility for residents and businesses. The expansion and improvements to I-40 transformed the landscape, impacting urban development patterns and leading to an increase in population density in nearby areas.
Kirtland Air Force Base: Kirtland Air Force Base is a major United States Air Force installation located in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Established during World War II, it has played a crucial role in military operations and development, contributing significantly to the war effort and shaping the Cold War landscape in New Mexico, while also influencing urbanization in Albuquerque and surrounding cities.
Los Alamos National Laboratory: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is a premier research facility established during World War II as part of the Manhattan Project, focusing on nuclear weapons development and other scientific research. The laboratory has played a crucial role in national security, scientific advancement, and has significantly contributed to New Mexico's economy and technological landscape.
Military expansion: Military expansion refers to the process by which a nation or political entity increases its military presence and capabilities, often through territorial acquisition or increased military infrastructure. This phenomenon can lead to significant changes in demographics, economic development, and urban growth as new territories are integrated and developed, contributing to the rise of cities and urban centers in regions like Albuquerque and beyond.
New Mexico State University: New Mexico State University (NMSU) is a public research university located in Las Cruces, New Mexico. Established in 1888, it plays a significant role in the educational landscape of the state and has contributed to the urbanization and growth of cities like Albuquerque by providing higher education and workforce development opportunities.
New Mexico Urban Renewal Act: The New Mexico Urban Renewal Act is legislation enacted in the 1960s aimed at revitalizing urban areas through the clearance of slums, redevelopment, and improvements in infrastructure. This act provided a framework for local governments to undertake urban renewal projects, focusing on improving living conditions and stimulating economic growth in cities like Albuquerque and other urban areas across the state.
Nuclear weapons industry: The nuclear weapons industry encompasses the production, maintenance, and development of nuclear weapons and the associated technology and infrastructure. This industry not only includes government entities responsible for national defense but also involves private contractors and research facilities that contribute to the design, engineering, and testing of nuclear arsenals. The presence and expansion of this industry have significantly influenced urbanization, particularly in cities like Albuquerque, where key facilities related to nuclear weapons are located.
Population migration: Population migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another, which can occur on local, regional, national, or international levels. This process often leads to significant demographic changes in both the areas people leave and those they move to, impacting urban growth, economic development, and cultural exchanges. Understanding population migration is crucial to grasping how cities like Albuquerque evolved due to an influx of new residents seeking opportunities.
Sandia National Laboratories: Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory that focuses on national security and technology development, primarily for the United States Department of Energy. Established in 1949, it plays a crucial role in the development of advanced technologies and solutions related to nuclear weapons, energy systems, and national defense, significantly impacting New Mexico's economy and scientific landscape.
Tourism industry growth: Tourism industry growth refers to the expansion and development of businesses and services aimed at attracting visitors to a specific area, contributing to economic and cultural vitality. This phenomenon often leads to increased infrastructure development, job creation, and the enhancement of local attractions, making cities more appealing destinations. As cities like Albuquerque modernize and urbanize, the tourism sector plays a crucial role in shaping their identity and economy.
University of New Mexico: The University of New Mexico (UNM) is a public research university located in Albuquerque, established in 1889. It serves as a key educational institution in New Mexico, playing a vital role in the urban development and cultural growth of Albuquerque and the surrounding areas.
Urban sprawl: Urban sprawl refers to the uncontrolled and unplanned expansion of urban areas into the surrounding rural land. This phenomenon often results in low-density development, increased reliance on automobiles, and the fragmentation of natural landscapes and communities. It has significant implications for infrastructure, transportation, and the environment, impacting the growth patterns of cities like Albuquerque and others.
White Sands Missile Range: White Sands Missile Range is a military testing area located in southern New Mexico, established in 1945, where various missile systems and aerospace technologies are tested. It has played a crucial role in the development of the United States' defense capabilities, especially during wartime and the Cold War, significantly impacting local urban growth and infrastructure.