3 min read•june 18, 2024
Katie Moore
Jillian Holbrook
Katie Moore
Jillian Holbrook
Since the beginning of Judaism, Jewish people were in diasporic communities-- groups of people united by ethnicity or religion that are scattered instead of centralized in one place like a state. At any rate, after the horrors of WWII, Jews began to demand their own nation. This idea of a Jewish state is called .
After previously stated European support for this idea, such as the , the created in 1948 by carving it out of . As a result, there was a lot of Jewish immigration to Israel.
As one can imagine, Palestinians (and other Arab countries) were incredibly upset by this decision. Israel and Palestine have been at war ever since, with conflicts including the and the Six-Day War.
Cambodia, similar to Vietnam, was originally part of French Indochina. Once World War II ended, authoritarian leaders in Cambodia grappled for power, and the resulting political chaos led to communists gaining power under the , a notoriously violent group.
During the time the Khmer Rouge was in power, they aggressively attempted to make the country agricultural again by forcefully collectivizing farms. This, accompanied by many other violent techniques, such as murdering anyone suspected of dissent, killed about 1.5 million people in the .
The , a group of Muslims living in , called for Muslim Indian separation from the newly decolonized India. Led by , the Muslim League worried that the Hindu majority of India would always overpower Muslim interests.
After some debate, the larger state remained India, and a smaller partition became for Muslims. While Muslims wanted to move to Pakistan, they had to cross India first. Mass migration of Muslims to Pakistan grew from messy to downright bloody, and by the time the was complete, two million were dead.
Each new state adapted to the globalizing economy in different ways.
In India, demolished the private sector by nationalizing parts of the economy, such as banks, the insurance sector, and the coal industry. Investors and entrepreneurs essentially had to get governmental permission before doing anything. India represents one of the more extreme examples of governmental involvement in the economy.
’s economic development in was a little different. The major goal during his period of control over Egypt was modernizing the nation, including the nationalization of the Suez Canal, breaking up large estates, and encouraging the growth of the middle class.
In , also tried to modernize. He collectivized large farms and heavily promoted education. At his urging, Tanzania created universal education, vastly increasing literacy.
was a Sri Lankan politician who served as the world's first female prime minister, holding the office three times between 1960 and 2000. Unlike India, she promoted free enterprise, though she did nationalize some industries. Under her leadership, the wealth gap in declined immensely.
No matter where, in this period, were largely motivated by escaping economic or political crises at home. Some examples include:
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